習(xí)近平法治思想系列解讀報(bào)道
代表作1
英文原文
NPC opinion solicitation program sees success
CAO YIN
Carrying copies of draft laws from door to door and conducting interviews with residents to solicit their opinions on legislative affairs is one of Wang Zunyi's major tasks.?Over the past six years, Wang－with residents of the Gaozhuang community that he heads in Xiangyang, Hubei province－h(huán)as presented more than 100 suggestions to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature.?Thanks to the establishment of a "grassroots legislation opinion collection station", an innovative move initiated by the NPC Standing Committee in July 2015, people like Wang can give their advice directly to the legislature.?Du Jun, deputy director of the standing committee of the people's congress of Xiangyang, the city's legislative body, said this was a bridge between the public and lawmakers.??"It shows that legislation comes from the people and is for the people, and it's an implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law," he said.??A key part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, this was highlighted in November at a central conference in Beijing on work related to overall law-based governance.??President Xi Jinping stressed that work on the rule of law should be people-centered, saying that the advancement of overall law-based governance is dependent on society. He also noted that the legislative process must ensure that people's demands and interests are prioritized.??Du said: "What we should do first to reach the goal of making a law scientifically is to open the door to hear more voices. Whether a law can work depends on whether it can serve the people, protect their rights and regulate their behavior.??"Gathering different opinions on a draft law from people from the grassroots level and various walks of life and finally reaching an agreement is a good reflection of Xi's remarks that China's democracy is a whole-process democracy."??Along with Xiangyang, the NPC Standing Committee also designated the standing committees of legislatures in Lintao, Gansu province, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, and Hongqiao subdistrict of Shanghai to be among the first group of opinion collection stations.??Wang's Gaozhuang community, home to about 9,100 residents and many small and medium-sized enterprises, was named by the standing committee of Xiangyang's legislature as one of its opinion collection stations in late 2015.??"I thought legislation was something I could never be involved in But in recent years, I've been given the chance to speak out about my concerns at home, and I hope lawmakers will resolve the problems," said Wang, 55.??In November 2019, Wang held a seminar with his colleagues in the community and a few legal professionals, at which they discussed a draft amendment to the Minors Protection Law.??"Many parents and teachers were interested in the draft because children's development matters to every family," Wang said while showing several bunches of files containing their suggestions to China Daily. He added that most of the advice residents gave called for schools to strengthen measures to prevent bullying on campus.??The NPC Standing Committee passed the Minors Protection Law last year after three reviews, and it took effect on June 1. The revised law clarifies that schools should take preventive measures to curb bullying and requires them to inform the offenders' parents or guardians in a timely manner and offer counseling for victims.??Wang expressed his sense of fulfillment while talking about the amended law.??"It means legislators attached importance to our suggestions. Our voices on legislative affairs are getting stronger," he said.??From the end of 2016 to April this year, the community had provided more than 140 suggestions on 35 national-level laws, according to Wang.??Targeted collection??He Aiqun, director of the legislative affairs commission of the standing committee of Xiangyang's legislature, said soliciting opinions on legislation from the grassroots is done thoughtfully.??For instance, suggestions on the then draft section on marriage and family in the Civil Code were collected in Gaozhuang, "as such content was something everyone could identify with, so most of the residents had something to share", he said.??In addition, while gathering opinions on a draft amendment to the Wildlife Protection Law in April, He and his colleagues visited people living and working in the forests of Nanzhang county in Xiangyang as well as wildlife protection centers in the city, and they held seminars with relevant departments.??Wei Zhengcai, an official from Xiangyang's natural resources conservation bureau, attended one of those seminars in April. He suggested legislators add a clause in the draft amendment to allow local governments to compensate villagers when their agricultural products are damaged by wild animals.??"I made that suggestion because I heard frequent complaints from villagers who had trouble with wild boars eating or destroying watermelons, which created a dilemma for law enforcement because the animals are protected," Wei explained.??"Some people built wire fences to keep the boars out of their fields, but the fences could harm the animals," he said. "If we just focus on wildlife protection, the villagers may face economic losses or even personal safety risks."??He also suggested that the NPC Standing Committee seeks a balance between protecting wild animals and upholding the people's interests in its next version of the draft amendment.??Such targeted collection is essential, he said.??"It can help us figure out what grassroots law enforcement departments urgently need, and then we give accurate responses to the country's top legislature," he said.??As of April, Xiangyang's legislature had selected 17 smaller collection stations to gain more opinions on legislation. So far, people in the city have provided more than 1,100 suggestions on 58 items of national-level legislation, and 149 of these have been accepted by the NPC Standing Committee.??The NPC Standing Committee designated six other places, including the China University of Political Science and Law, as the second group of collection stations last year after finding success with the first group.??Li Zheng, director of the university's Research Office, said his collection station concentrates more on improving the quality of legislative suggestions, "as some 500 law academics of the university are a think tank for legal research".??"Their legislative views are more professional, and discussions among the experts from different fields will improve lawmaking," he said.??"Many law professionals, such as those focusing on the Constitution, administrative laws and criminal laws, exchanged ideas several times, and their professionalism could provide major support for other suggestions collected from the grassroots," he said.??CAO YIN in Xiangyang, Hubei
譯文如下
以人民為中心，科學(xué)立法初見(jiàn)成效
?。?021年8月24日《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》頭版見(jiàn)報(bào)轉(zhuǎn)4版）
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)記者：曹音湖北襄陽(yáng)報(bào)道
湖北省襄陽(yáng)市高莊社區(qū)書(shū)記王遵義的日常工作之一就是拿著法律草案復(fù)印件挨家挨戶(hù)走訪居民，征求他們對(duì)草案和立法事務(wù)的意見(jiàn)建議。
過(guò)去六年里，高莊社區(qū)向全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)提出的建議超過(guò)百份。
老百姓可以如此直接向全國(guó)最高立法機(jī)關(guān)提出建議意見(jiàn)，要?dú)w功于全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)法工委“基層立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)”的設(shè)立。
“基層立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)是公眾與立法者之間的橋梁。它的設(shè)立體現(xiàn)了立法依靠人民、為了人民，也是對(duì)習(xí)近平法治思想的遵循貫徹?！毕尻?yáng)市人大常委會(huì)副主任杜軍在接受中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)記者采訪時(shí)這樣說(shuō)道。
2020年11月召開(kāi)的中央全面依法治國(guó)工作會(huì)議，確立了習(xí)近平法治思想在全面依法治國(guó)工作中的指導(dǎo)地位。作為習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想的重要組成部分，習(xí)近平法治思想是全面依法治國(guó)的根本遵循和行動(dòng)指南。
在中央全面依法治國(guó)工作會(huì)議上，習(xí)近平總書(shū)記強(qiáng)調(diào)，要堅(jiān)持以人民為中心。全面依法治國(guó)最廣泛、最深厚的基礎(chǔ)是人民，推進(jìn)全面依法治國(guó)的根本目的是依法保障人民權(quán)益，要堅(jiān)持全面推進(jìn)科學(xué)立法。
杜軍說(shuō)：“貫徹習(xí)近平法治思想于立法者而言，首先就是要打開(kāi)立法之門(mén)、傾聽(tīng)百姓之聲，做到科學(xué)立法，因?yàn)橐徊糠赡芊癜l(fā)揮作用，取決于它能否為人民服務(wù)、保障人民權(quán)益、規(guī)范人民行為。”
“此外，就一部法律草案充分征求基層各方意見(jiàn)，最后達(dá)成一致，也是全過(guò)程人民民主的體現(xiàn)?！倍跑娧a(bǔ)充說(shuō)道。
2015年7月，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)法工委報(bào)經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)，將湖北省襄陽(yáng)市人大常委會(huì)、甘肅省臨洮縣人大常委會(huì)、江西省景德鎮(zhèn)市人大常委會(huì)、上海市虹橋街道辦事處設(shè)立為首批基層立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)。
為更廣泛、更全面地征求人民群眾對(duì)立法工作的意見(jiàn)建議，襄陽(yáng)市人大常委會(huì)又在全市范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)一步設(shè)立了站點(diǎn)。王遵義所在的高莊社區(qū)有9100戶(hù)居民和很多中小企業(yè)，并于2015年底成為了站點(diǎn)之一。
55歲的王遵義說(shuō)：“以前，我覺(jué)得自己不可能和立法扯上關(guān)系，但這些年，我發(fā)現(xiàn)立法其實(shí)離老百姓不遠(yuǎn)。大家的困難、想法在家門(mén)口隨時(shí)可以提，通過(guò)基層立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)反映上去，進(jìn)而得以解決?！?/p>
2019年11月，王遵義邀請(qǐng)幾位法律專(zhuān)家與社區(qū)居民一起就《中華人民共和國(guó)未成年人保護(hù)法》修訂草案召開(kāi)了一次研討會(huì)。
王遵義拿出幾疊寫(xiě)滿(mǎn)了居民建議意見(jiàn)的文件，并告訴記者，這部法律草案征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)，居民十分踴躍。
“社區(qū)有很多家長(zhǎng)、老師，他們對(duì)這部法律草案都很關(guān)注。畢竟，孩子的成長(zhǎng)與每個(gè)家庭都息息相關(guān)。”王遵義說(shuō)，“當(dāng)時(shí)大家的建議普遍集中在呼吁校方加大力度、采取措施避免校園欺凌?！?/p>
2020年10月，《中華人民共和國(guó)未成年人保護(hù)法》修訂案經(jīng)十三屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第22次會(huì)議表決通過(guò)，于2021年6月1日施行。新修訂的法律明確規(guī)定：學(xué)校應(yīng)當(dāng)建立學(xué)生欺凌防控工作制度，對(duì)學(xué)生欺凌行為應(yīng)當(dāng)立即制止，通知實(shí)施欺凌和被欺凌未成年學(xué)生的父母或者其他監(jiān)護(hù)人參與欺凌行為的認(rèn)定和處理，并對(duì)相關(guān)未成年學(xué)生及時(shí)給予心理輔導(dǎo)。
談到這部修訂后的法律，王遵義成就感滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)。
他指著與校園欺凌相關(guān)的條款，對(duì)記者說(shuō)：“這就說(shuō)明立法者重視我們老百姓的建議，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)了我們的聲音?！?/p>
據(jù)他介紹，自2016年底至2021年4月，高莊社區(qū)共對(duì)35部國(guó)家級(jí)法律草案提出了超過(guò)140條建議。
“精準(zhǔn)”征集
襄陽(yáng)市人大常委會(huì)法工委主任何愛(ài)群表示，每部法律草案的建議征集都是經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮的，并非漫無(wú)目的。
例如，《中華人民共和國(guó)民法典婚姻家庭編》草案征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)，法工委就選擇了高莊社區(qū)?！耙?yàn)椴莅傅膬?nèi)容就是老百姓關(guān)心的家事。他們對(duì)此有很多好的想法、建議，他們也樂(lè)于把這些與我們分享?！焙螑?ài)群說(shuō)。
2021年4月，當(dāng)《中華人民共和國(guó)野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)法》修訂草案開(kāi)始征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)，何愛(ài)群和同事們就沒(méi)再去高莊社區(qū)，而是選擇前往襄陽(yáng)市南漳縣和市野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)中心進(jìn)行調(diào)研，并組織座談。
襄陽(yáng)市自然資源和規(guī)劃局調(diào)研員魏正才就參與了這次調(diào)研和座談會(huì)。在與襄陽(yáng)市人大常委會(huì)基層立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)工作人員討論的過(guò)程中，他建議法律草案增設(shè)一款，即允許地方政府就野生動(dòng)物致害設(shè)立補(bǔ)償制度。
“之所以提出該建議，正由于我工作中碰到的‘兩難’窘境。我發(fā)現(xiàn)一些農(nóng)戶(hù)在田地周?chē)罱ㄨF絲圍欄，詢(xún)問(wèn)中他們跟我抱怨，說(shuō)這是不得以而為之，因?yàn)橐柏i常來(lái)糟蹋農(nóng)作物。他們的本意就是想保護(hù)自己的農(nóng)作物，并不是傷害野豬。”魏正才說(shuō)。
“如果我們的法律只考慮保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，那農(nóng)戶(hù)可能會(huì)面臨野生動(dòng)物給他們帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，甚至人身安全損害?！?/p>
因此，他建議全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)在修法過(guò)程中尋求一個(gè)平衡點(diǎn)，既要保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，也要保護(hù)這些農(nóng)戶(hù)的合法利益。
在他看來(lái)，精準(zhǔn)征求意見(jiàn)十分必要。
“這有利于立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)的工作人員及時(shí)弄清執(zhí)法中的問(wèn)題，進(jìn)而可以準(zhǔn)確地向全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)法工委作出反饋?！?/p>
截至2021年4月，襄陽(yáng)市人大常委會(huì)已設(shè)立17個(gè)基層意見(jiàn)收集站點(diǎn)，以便更廣泛地收集立法建議。到目前為止，襄陽(yáng)市共就58部國(guó)家級(jí)法律草案提出了超過(guò)1100條建議，其中149條被全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)采納。
首批基層立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)初見(jiàn)成效后，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)法工委又建立了包括中國(guó)政法大學(xué)在內(nèi)的六個(gè)第二批基層立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)。
中國(guó)政法大學(xué)科研處處長(zhǎng)栗崢表示，作為法律研究基地、法律智庫(kù)，中國(guó)政法大學(xué)更注重提升立法建議的質(zhì)量。
“畢竟，法律學(xué)者們的立法建議更專(zhuān)業(yè)，而且來(lái)自不同法學(xué)領(lǐng)域的觀點(diǎn)碰撞也有利于立法進(jìn)一步完善。”栗崢說(shuō)。
“以基層立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)為平臺(tái)，憲法、行政法、刑法學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)家們可以就法律草案充分進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴、意見(jiàn)交鋒，他們的專(zhuān)業(yè)意見(jiàn)也是政法大學(xué)基層立法聯(lián)系點(diǎn)的重要支撐?！彼a(bǔ)充說(shuō)道。（完）
