作品標(biāo)題：Nation's export curbs on key semiconductor materials seen as fair （中國對關(guān)鍵半導(dǎo)體材料的出口限制符合公平、公正原則）
原文：
Nation's export curbs on key semiconductor materials seen as fair
China's export restrictions on gallium and germanium will help provide a better balance between production and reserves of the two key raw materials used in the semiconductor industry, experts said on Wednesday.
The restrictions are also in line with international practices of protecting a nation's strategic mineral resources, they said.
Wei Jianguo, former vice-minister of commerce, said in an exclusive interview with China Daily that under the principles of the World Trade Organization, China has the right to implement export control measures to ensure its national security and interests.
The comments came after the Ministry of Commerce said on Monday that the country will impose export restrictions starting Aug 1 to protect its national security and interests.
"This is just the beginning of China's countermeasures. If the high-tech restrictions on China become tougher in the future, China's countermeasures will also escalate. China's toolbox has many more types of measures available," said Wei, who is also vice-chairman of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges.
Foreign media outlets, including The Wall Street Journal, on Tuesday quoted anonymous sources as saying that the United States plans to restrict China's access to cloud computing technologies.
"Any attempt to promote decoupling through hegemonism, including suppressing Chinese enterprises, will ultimately be a stone thrown at one's own feet," Wei said.
According to Wei, China is the world's biggest producer of germanium and gallium. The key production chains of the two resources are also located in the country, and China accounts for more than 70 percent of the world's total production capacity of germanium.
However, the US has the world's largest reserve of germanium, with about 3,870 metric tons, which accounts for 45 percent of total global reserves. By comparison, China has 3,500 tons, or 40 percent of reserves, Wei said.
"For natural resources such as oil and rare metals, some countries have a large share of reserves, but seldom exploit their resources and only use other countries' resources, which makes it difficult for them to ramp up production quickly to deal with emerging situations," Wei said.
Li Yong, deputy director of the expert committee of the China International Trade Association, said the export controls will help better balance the relationship between supply and reserves.
Some countries have stopped mining the minerals, for fear of environmental pollution, and rely on imports from China, causing an imbalance between supply and reserves. However, these countries exaggerate the risk of relying on China's imports, which is neither fair nor reasonable, Li said.
If some countries deliberately interpret in a political way, overhype China's export controls, and take policy measures to force companies to avoid supplies from China, it will disturb the global semiconductor industry and lead to politicized distortion of market expectations, Li said.
Economist Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, said a lot of the tension between the US and China arises from the US side.
"This is the US' mistake because some Americans think that if China is rising, the US must be losing," he said. "But this is false. Economics is a win-win cooperative game."
譯文：中國對關(guān)鍵半導(dǎo)體材料的出口限制符合公平、公正原則
中國對兩種關(guān)鍵半導(dǎo)體材料鎵和鍺的出口限制將有利于平衡全球供儲關(guān)系，該舉措符合保護(hù)國家戰(zhàn)略礦產(chǎn)資源的國際慣例，有關(guān)專家周三作出上述表示。
商務(wù)部原副部長魏建國在接受《中國日報(bào)》獨(dú)家專訪時(shí)表示，根據(jù)世界貿(mào)易組織規(guī)則，中國有權(quán)利采取出口管制措施以確保其國家安全和利益。
商務(wù)部宣布為維護(hù)國家安全和利益，中國將從8月1日起對鎵、鍺相關(guān)物項(xiàng)實(shí)施出口管制。
魏建國表示“這只是中國反制的開始。如果未來針對中國的高技術(shù)限制變得更加嚴(yán)格，中國的反制措施也將升級。中國的工具箱中有更多類型的措施可供選擇。”
《華爾街日報(bào)》等外國媒體周二援引匿名消息人士的話說，美國正計(jì)劃限制中國企業(yè)獲取先進(jìn)云計(jì)算技術(shù)。
魏建國強(qiáng)調(diào)“任何利用霸權(quán)主義企圖推動脫鉤斷鏈的行為，包括打壓中國企業(yè)，最后都是搬起石頭砸自己的腳?！?/p>
據(jù)魏建國介紹，中國是世界上最大的鎵和鍺生產(chǎn)國。這兩種資源的關(guān)鍵生產(chǎn)鏈也位于中國，中國占據(jù)了全球鍺總產(chǎn)能的70%以上。
然而，美國擁有世界上最大的鍺儲量，約為3870噸，占全球總儲量的45%。相比之下，中國的鍺存儲量在3500噸左右，占全球存儲量是40%。
“對于石油和稀有金屬等自然資源，一些國家擁有大量的儲量，但很少開采自己的資源，只使用其他國家的資源，所以某些國家無法一下突然啟動自己的整套生產(chǎn)流程來應(yīng)急生產(chǎn)?！蔽航▏硎?。
中國國際貿(mào)易學(xué)會專家委員會副主任李永向記者表示，此次出口管制將有助于更好地平衡供應(yīng)和儲備之間的關(guān)系。
一些國家出于對環(huán)境污染的擔(dān)憂停止了礦產(chǎn)開采，并依賴中國進(jìn)口，導(dǎo)致供應(yīng)和儲備之間失衡。然而，這些國家夸大了依賴中國進(jìn)口的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這既不公平也不合理，李永表示。
如果一些國家刻意以政治方式解讀、夸大中國的出口管制，并采取措施迫使企業(yè)避免從中國進(jìn)貨，將擾亂全球半導(dǎo)體行業(yè)，并以政治化的做法扭曲市場預(yù)期，李永強(qiáng)調(diào)。
哥倫比亞大學(xué)可持續(xù)發(fā)展中心主任、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家杰弗里·薩克斯在接受記者采訪時(shí)表示，中美之間緊張局勢主要源于美方。
他說“這是美國的錯誤。一些美國人認(rèn)為如果中國崛起，美國就必定處于失利狀態(tài)。但這種想法是錯誤的，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)本是基于雙贏的合作?！?span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
