Nation unveils plan on crewed moon mission
Long March 10 rockets to carry astronauts, landing module to lunar orbit before 2030
China made public on Wednesday specific designs for its manned lunar mission, which is scheduled to be achieved before the end of this decade.
Speaking at a space industry forum in Wuhan, Hubei province, Zhang Hailian, deputy chief planner at the China Manned Space Agency, said the plan is to launch two Long March 10 carrier rockets from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province to transport a lunar landing module and a manned spacecraft to lunar orbit.
After reaching their preset orbital positions, the landing module and the spacecraft carrying astronauts will rendezvous and dock with each other. The crew will enter the landing module, which will then undock and descend toward the lunar surface for an engine-assisted soft landing.
On the moon, the astronauts will drive a rover to carry out scientific tasks and collect samples. Upon the completion of their assignments, they will return to the landing module, which will fly them back to lunar orbit and dock with their spacecraft.
In the final stage, the astronauts will carry the samples into their spacecraft, which will then undock and carry the crew back to Earth.
"To achieve this goal, designers and engineers are developing the Long March 10 rocket. The model will have three-and-a-half stages and a liftoff weight of about 2,200 metric tons, capable of sending a 27-ton spacecraft into the lunar transfer orbit," Zhang said.
The manned spacecraft for the mission is in the middle of its research and development stage, according to Zhang.
"It will have an overall weight of 26 tons and will consist of three components — an escape tower, a reentry capsule and a service section," he said, adding that the new spaceship will feature reusability and modular designs that suit both near-Earth and deep-space explorations.
According to the space agency, the landing module will have two parts — a landing section and a propulsion section — and will weigh nearly 26 tons. It will accommodate two astronauts. The four-wheeled moon rover will weigh 200 kilograms and carry a host of scientific equipment.
In the long term, China intends to construct a lunar scientific outpost to conduct extended explorations and technology demonstration operations, Zhang said.
"The moon is the nearest extraterrestrial body that humans can reach based on current technologies. Manned missions to the moon will be a realistic and practical step ... to start with (in order) to expand our exploration endeavors in deep space.
"Meanwhile, it is scientifically meaningful for us to continue to explore the moon because it will help scientists better understand the origin and the evolution of the solar system as well as the composition of planets," Zhang said.
The massive project will welcome international cooperation and the participation of private enterprises, he added.
Lin Xiqiang, deputy director of the space agency, said in May that in order to achieve the goal of a manned moon landing before 2030, scientists and engineers would develop a commuting system and short-term stay system for crew members, and would work out human-robot integrated testing and other key technologies.
譯文：
（標(biāo)題）中國(guó)披露載人登月任務(wù)方案
?。ǜ睒?biāo)題）長(zhǎng)征十號(hào)運(yùn)載火箭將在2030年前將航天員、登月艙送入月球軌道
中國(guó)在本周三公布了載人登月初步方案，計(jì)劃在2030年前實(shí)現(xiàn)該方案提出的目標(biāo)。
中國(guó)載人航天工程辦公室副總師張海聯(lián)在當(dāng)日于武漢舉辦的一個(gè)商業(yè)航天論壇上披露，我國(guó)載人登月的初步方案是：從文昌航天發(fā)射場(chǎng)發(fā)射兩枚長(zhǎng)征十號(hào)運(yùn)載火箭，分別將月面著陸器和載人飛船送至地月轉(zhuǎn)移軌道；在到達(dá)預(yù)定軌道位置后，飛船和著陸器在環(huán)月軌道交會(huì)對(duì)接，航天員從飛船進(jìn)入月面著陸器。其后，月面著陸器將下降并軟著陸于月面預(yù)定區(qū)域，航天員乘組登上月球，駕駛月球車(chē)開(kāi)展科學(xué)考察與樣品采集。在完成既定任務(wù)后，航天員將乘坐著陸器上升至環(huán)月軌道與飛船交會(huì)對(duì)接，并攜帶樣品乘坐飛船返回地球。
張海聯(lián)在會(huì)上表示：“為實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，航天科研人員正在研制長(zhǎng)征十號(hào)運(yùn)載火箭。這型火箭將是三級(jí)半構(gòu)型，起飛重量約為2200噸，可以將27噸有效載荷送入地月轉(zhuǎn)移軌道?！?/p>
同時(shí)，載人登月任務(wù)所需的新型載人飛船也已經(jīng)開(kāi)始研制。
“新飛船入軌質(zhì)量約為26噸，由逃逸塔、返回艙和服務(wù)艙組成，”張海聯(lián)說(shuō)。
他指出，新飛船的主要特點(diǎn)為模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，能夠適應(yīng)近地和深空探測(cè)任務(wù)。同時(shí)，其返回艙可重復(fù)使用。
月面著陸器由登月艙和推進(jìn)艙兩部分構(gòu)成，重約26噸，可將兩名航天員送達(dá)月面。四輪載人月球車(chē)重約200千克，將攜帶科學(xué)探測(cè)儀器。
張海聯(lián)表示，著眼未來(lái)，中國(guó)計(jì)劃在月面建立一個(gè)月球科研站，用以開(kāi)展時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的探索活動(dòng)，并驗(yàn)證有關(guān)技術(shù)。
“月球是人類(lèi)采用當(dāng)代工程技術(shù)可以到達(dá)的最近的地外天體。載人月球探測(cè)是我國(guó)載人航天活動(dòng)走向深空的路途中，符合邏輯和發(fā)展規(guī)律的現(xiàn)實(shí)選擇。同時(shí)，月球具有很高的科學(xué)探索價(jià)值，關(guān)于月球的研究對(duì)理解太陽(yáng)系起源、演變歷史，以及行星構(gòu)造等科學(xué)問(wèn)題，具有重要意義?！?/p>
張海聯(lián)還表示，中國(guó)載人月球探測(cè)工程將致力于推進(jìn)國(guó)際合作，也歡迎商業(yè)航天企業(yè)參與工程研制。
載人航天工程辦公室副主任林西強(qiáng)在5月曾表示，為在2030年前實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)人首次登陸月球，科研人員將研發(fā)載人地月往返、月面短期駐留、人機(jī)聯(lián)合探測(cè)等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。
